Notes of Chapter 08: Waves of “Physics XI” for FSc Part 1 published by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore. These notes are very helpful to prepare Physics paper of FSc Part 1 for Federal Board, Multan Board, Faisalabad Board, Sargodha Board, Gujranwala Board, DG Khan Board, Rawalpindi Board or any other board of Punjab, Pakistan.

Wave is the disturbance produced in a medium which is used to transport energy from one point to another without transporting matter.The waves which require any medium for their propagation by the oscillation of material particles are called mechanical waves.The waves don’t require any medium for their propagation are called electromagnetic waves.

• Progressive Waves
• Periodic Waves
• Speed of Sound in Air
• Principle of Superposition
• Interference
• Beats
• Reflection of Waves
• Stationary Waves
• Stationary Waves in a Stretched String
• Stationary Waves in Air Columns
• Doppler Effect