This is a seventh chapter of the book Physics 12 published by Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore, Pakistan.
Distinguish between the structure of crystalline, glassy, amorphous and polymeric solids.
Understand the idea of lattice.
Appreciate that deformation is caused by a force and that, in one dimension, the deformation can be tensile or compressive.
Define and use the terms Young's modulus, bulk modulus and shear modulus.
Describe an experiment to determine elastic limit and yield strength.
Distinguish between elastic and plastic deformation of a material.
Synthesize and deduce the strain energy in a deformed material from the area under the force extension graph.
Describe the energy bands in solids.
Classify insulators, conductors, semi-conductors on the basis of energy bands.
Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
Explain how electrons and holes flow across a junction.
Describe superconductors.
Distinguish between dia, para and ferro magnetic materials.
Understand and describe the concept of magnetic domains in a material.
Know the Curie point.
Classify hard and soft ferro magnetic substances.
Understand hysteresis and hysteresis loss.