===== Notes (Muhammad Ali Malik) =====
Notes of “Physics XII” for FSc Part 2 published by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore. These notes are very helpful to prepare Physics paper of FSc Part 2 for Federal Board, Multan Board, Faisalabad Board, Sargodha Board, Gujranwala Board, DG Khan Board, Rawalpindi Board or any other board of Punjab, Pakistan.

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**[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 12 XII|Chapter 12: Electrostatics]]**\\
The branch of Physics which deals with the charges at rest is called electrostatics.The electrostatic force between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the magnitude of charges and inversely proportional to the square of distance between ...[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 12 XII|read more and download]]
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**[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 13 XII|Chapter 13: Current Electricity]]**\\
The amount of electric charge that flows through a cross section of a conductor per unit time is known as electric current.If ∆Q is the amount of charge flow through a cross-section in time ∆t , then the electric current I is described ...[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 13 XII|read more and download]]
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**[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 14 XII|Chapter 14: Electromagnetism]]**\\
When the heavy current is passed through a straight conductor,a magnetic field is set up in the region surrounding a current carrying wire.The lines of force are circular and their direction depends upon the direction of current.The magnetic field lasts only as long as the current is fl ...[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 14 XII|read more and download]]
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**[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 15 XII|Chapter 15: Electromagnetic Induction]]**\\
When a conductor that is moved through a magnetic field, the electric current flow through the circuit. The emf produced in the conductor is called induced emf, and the current generated is called induced current. This phenomenon is known ...[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 15 XII|read more and download]]
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**[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 16 XII|Chapter 16: Alternating Current]]**\\
The current that is produced by a voltage source whose polarity keeps on reversing with time is called alternating current.The value of the voltage or current that exist in a circuit at any instant of time t measured from some reference point ...[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 16 XII|read more and download]]
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**[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 17 XII|Chapter 17: Physics of Solids]]**\\
The solids in which the atoms, ions and molecules are arranged periodically are called crystalline solids.The crystalline solids show the phenomenon of X-ray diffraction.Every crystalline solid has sharp melting point i.e., for every ...[[FSc:part 2:notes:muhammad ali malik:Chap 17 XII|read more and download]]
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{{tag>FSc FSc_Part2(Second_year) Text_Book_Notes Muhammad_Ali_Malik}}