====== Chapter 09: Vectors and Equilibrium ======
{{ :fsc-pctb-11:notes:fsc-pctb-11-notes-ch09.jpg?nolink&600|Chapter 09: Vectors and Equilibrium}}
This is a ninth chapter of the book Physics 11 published by Punjab Curriculum and Textbook Board, Lahore, Pakistan.

After studying this chapter the students will be able to:

  * Understand the concept of wavefront.
  * State Huygen's principle.
  * Use Huygen's principle to explain linear superposition of light.
  * Understand interference of light.
  * Describe Young's double slit experiment and the evidence its provided to support the wave theory of light.
  * Recognize and express colour patterns in than films.
  * Describe the formation of Newton's rings.
  * Understand the working of Michelson's interferometer and its uses.
  * Explain the meaning of the term diffraction.
  * Describe diffraction at a single slit.
  * Drive the equation for angular position of first minimum.
  * Drive the equation $d \sin \theta = m \lambda$.
  * Carry out calculations using the diffraction grating formula.
  * Describe the phenomenon of diffraction of X-rays through crystals.
  * Appreciate the use of diffraction of X-rays by crystals.
  * Understand polarization as a phenomenon associated with transverse waves.
  * Recognize and express that polarization is produced by a Polaroid.
  * Understand the effect or rotation of Polaroid on polarization..
  * Understand how plane polarized light is produced and detected..

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| **Theory**: |{{ :fsc-pctb-11:notes:fsc-pctb-11-theory-ch09.pdf |Download PDF}} |
| **Question**: |{{ :fsc-pctb-11:notes:fsc-pctb-11-questions-ch09.pdf |Download PDF}} |
| **Numerical**: |{{ :fsc-pctb-11:notes:fsc-pctb-11-numericals-ch09.pdf |Download PDF}} |
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{{tag>FSc FSc_Part1 PCTB Notes}}